As we know, $minimum vertex cover$ is a classical NP-complete problem. There will not be polynomial time algorithm for it unless $P = NP$.
You can see the definition of vertex cover in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_cover.
Today, little M designs an "approximate" algorithm for vertex cover. It is a greedy algorithm. The main idea of her algorithm is that always choosing the maximum degree vertex into the solution set. The pseudo code of her algorithm is as follows:
We assume that the labels of the vertices are from 1 to n.
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
use[i] = false;
deg[i] = degree of the vertex i;
}
int ans = 0;
while (true) {
int mx = -1, u;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
if (use[i])
continue;
if (deg[i] >= mx) {
mx = deg[i];
u = i;
}
}
if (mx <= 0)
break;
++ans;
use[u] = true;
for (each vertex v adjacent to u)
--deg[v];
}
return ans;
As a theory computer scientist, you immediately find that it is a bad algorithm. To show her that this algorithm dose not have a constant approximate factor, you need to construct an instance of vertex cover such that the solution get by this algorithm is much worse than the optimal solution.
Formally, your program need to output a simple undirected graph of at most $500$ vertices. Moreover, you need to output a vertex cover solution of your graph. Your program will get Accept if and only if the solution size get by the above algorithm is at least three times as much as yours.