Ali is given an array, which is a permutation of {1, 2, 3 ... , n}. He thinks that only the increasing sequence is harmony, so he wants to change the sequence into a harmony one. But the only operation he can use is: Choosing a contiguous subsequence {A[i], A[i + 1]...A[j]} and do a random shuffling on it. (Random shuffle means that every permutation will appear with equal possibility)
So, what’s the expected number of operations when using the best strategy?